Aging and Nutritional Needs

As we age, the risk for nutritional deficiency increases dramatically. Many nutrition-related changes occur with age and, in turn, affect food intake and the absorption of food in older adults.

Normal appetite response is affected and may lead to a deficiency in important nutrients. A reduced flow in the gastrointestinal tract also occurs in older individuals and contributes to a diminished appetite and decreased intake of nutrient-rich foods. Medications can change taste and affect the nutritional quality of food consumed.

Sensory changes occur with age as well, allowing our sensitivity to sweet and salt taste to decline. Chewing problems may be present for older individuals who must wear dentures. Many older people eat low fiber foods or avoid fruits and vegetables and protein rich foods altogether, because they can be difficult to chew. Dentures that hurt or don’t fit properly can significantly decrease intake of solid foods. This can lead to weight loss which, in turn, contributes to a compromised immune system.

Immune function also declines with age and the ability to fight off infection diminishes. Malnutrition would exacerbate a decline in immunity, therefore, it is important that older individuals receive adequate calories and protein on a daily basis. Furthermore, there is also an increase in free radicals with age, which can damage cells and potentially lead to the onset of chronic disease(s).

Women may be especially hard hit as they suffer a decline in estrogen with age, and estrogen is protective to bone mass and to the heart as well. Because of the loss of estrogen after menopause, it is important for older women to take measures to maintain a healthy heart and protect their bones. Nutritional supplements can help promote heart health and ensure adequate intake of bone-building nutrients in older individuals.