Glossary
Terms starting with G
195 definitions · page 1 of 4.
- g-banding
- Technique for producing banding patterns in eukaryotic chromosomes. Bands are produced by staining with Giemsa stain after pretreating chromosomes with trypsin. Each homologous chromosome pair has a unique pattern of g-bands, enabling recognition of…
- Gag Order Information
- A gag order is a judge's order made in a particular case that prohibits the litigants and attorneys from publicly commenting on the progress or details of the matter.
- gain-of-function dominant
- A mutation in which dominance is caused by changing the specificity or expression pattern of a gene or gene product, rather than simply by reducing or eliminating the normal activity of that gene or gene product.
- galactic disk
- the disk of a spiral galaxy
- galactic nucleus
- the central region of a galaxy; often contains a high density of stars and gas, and a supermassive black hole
- galactic plane
- the projection of the Milky Way’s disk on the sky.
- Galangal
- Galangal is a member of the ginger family. It's widely used in South-east Asian cuisine, particularly Thai cookery; it's an important ingredient in Thai curry pastes. It can be bought as fresh root, dried root or a dried, ground powder. The root looks a bit…
- galaxy
- an enormous gravitationally bound assemblage of millions or billions of stars
- galaxy cluster
- a gravitationally bound assemblage of dozens to thousands of galaxies
- Galilean moons
- Jupiter's four largest moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto; discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610
- Galilean satellites
- Jupiter's four largest moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto; discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610
- GALLON
- A unit of volume. A U.S. gallon has 231 cubic inches or 3.785 liters.
- Game Sync Inputs
- These inputs are available on SONY tabletop systems for use with gaming systems. They give the user a virtual surround sound gaming enhancement.
- gamelan
- A small Javanese orchestra consisting mainly of metal percussion instruments.
- gamete
- A germ cell having a haploid chromosome complement. Gametes from parents of opposite sexes fuse to form zygotes. A specialized haploid cell that fuses with a gamete from the opposite sex or mating type to form a diploid zygote; in mammals, an egg or a sperm.
- gametic selection
- The forces acting to cause differential reproductive success of one allele over another in a heterozygote.
- gamma rays
- the form of light (electromagnetic radiation) with the shortest wavelength and the most energy
- gamma-ray burst
- a short, intense burst of high-energy radiation emanating from the distant universe
- GAP INSURANCE
- An automobile insurance option, available in some states, that covers the difference between a car’s actual cash value when it is stolen or wrecked and the amount the consumer owes the leasing or finance company. Mainly used for leased cars. (See Actual cash…
- Garam masala
- An aromatic mixture of ground spices used as a base for many Indian dishes ('masala' means spice). The proportion of spices changes according to the dish being cooked but the basic ingredients are cumin, coriander, cardamom, black pepper and cinnamon. The…
- Garlic
- Garlic is a member of leek and onion family. There are many varieties, differing in size, pungency and colour. The bulb or 'head' of garlic is formed of 12 to 16 bulblets, called cloves. The most widely used European variety has a white/grey skin and is…
- Garnishment Information
- Garnishment is a legal process that allows a judgment creditor to attempt to collect the debt due from the defendant directly from defendant's employer or bank account. The wages or account are sent to the creditor instead of the defendant.
- GAS
- Gaseous fuel (usually natural gas) that is burned to produce heat energy. The word also is used, colloquially, to refer to gasoline.
- gas giant
- a large planet made primarily of gas, such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
- GAS SYNTHESIS
- A method producing synthetic gas from coal. Also called the FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS.
- GAS UTILITY
- any person engaged in, or authorized to engage in, distributing or transporting natural gas, including, but not limited to, any such person who is subject to the regulation of the Public Utilities Commission. GASIFICATION -- The process where biomass fuel is…
- GASOHOL
- In the United States, gasohol (E10) refers to gasoline that contains 10 percent ethanol by volume. This term was used in the late 1970s and early 1980s but has been replaced in some areas of the country by terms such as E-10, Super Unleaded Plus Ethanol, or…
- GASOLINE
- A light petroleum product obtained by refining oil, and used as motor vehicle fuel.
- gastrulation
- The process of movements and infoldings of embryonic cells destined to become endoderm in early animal embryos, immediately following blastula (or blastoderm) stage, generating the blastopore.
- gaucho
- Wide-legged pants or divided skirt reaching mid-calf and worn with boots.
- gauntlets
- Dress gloves extending above the wrist.
- Gazpacho
- Originally a peasant bread soup from Andalusia, Spain, it was flavoured with olive oil, garlic and vinegar and any vegetables growing in the vegetable patch. In winter the soup could be eaten hot and in summer cold. The modern version is more like a cold…
- Gelatine
- A product derived from the bones of animals, and used as a setting agent for sweet or savoury jellies and pudding fillings. Gelatine comes in powder form or in leaves and is tasteless. Powdered gelatine is sprinkled over cold water and left to soak and swell…
- gene
- segregating and heritable determinant of the phenotype. The fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, which carries information from one generation to the next. A segment of DNA, composed of a transcribed region and regulatory sequences that make…
- gene amplification
- A process by which the cell increases the number of a particular gene within the genome. The process by which the number of copies of a chromosomal segment is increased in a cell.
- gene cloning
- The production of a lineage of cells all of which contain one kind of DNA fragment of interest derived from a population of many kinds of DNA fragments. Operationally by: inserting (recombining) a population of DNA molecules, known to contain the DNA of…
- gene conversion
- A meiotic process of directed change in which one allele directs the conversion of a partner allele to its own form. In asci of Ascomycete fungi a 4:4 ratio of alleles is expected after meiosis, yet 6:2 and 5:3 ratios are sometimes observed. A model of…
- gene dose
- The number of copies of a particular gene present in the genome.
- gene family
- A set of genes in one genome all descended from the same ancestral gene. A group of genes that has arisen by duplication of an ancestral gene. The genes in the family may or may not have diverged from each other.
- gene flow
- The movement of genes from one population to another by way of interbreeding of individuals in the two populations.
- gene fusion
- The accidental joining of DNA of two genes, such as can occur in a translocation or inversion. Gene fusions can give rise to hybrid proteins or to the misregulation of the transcription of one gene by the cis regulatory elements (enhancers) of another.
- gene interaction
- The collaboration of several different genes in the production of one phenotypic character (or related group of characters).
- gene locus
- The specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located.
- gene map
- 1. A linear designation of mutant sites within a gene, based upon the various frequencies of interallelic (intragenic) recombination. 2. The DNA sequence of a gene annotated with sites of regulatory elements, introns, exons and mutations.
- gene mutation
- Mutation (point or larger change) that results from changes within the structure of a gene.
- gene pair
- The two copies of a particular gene present in a diploid cell (one in each chromosome set).
- gene pool
- All of the alleles available among the reproductive members of a population from which gametes can be drawn.
- gene therapy
- The correction of a genetic deficiency in a cell by the addition of new DNA and its insertion into the genome.
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Information
- GATT is a treaty and is really a series of treaties between several countries that are intended to promote free trade over international borders. GATT members meet regularly.
- General Damages Information
- Different from special damages, such as medical bills or lost wages, General Damages are those damages that the law will presume exist in the sense that they logically follow and are the likely and forseeable result of the harm complained of.
- GENERAL LIGHTING
- Lighting designed to provide a substantially uniform level of illumination throughout an area, exclusive of any provision for special visual tasks or decorative effects. [See California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Section 2-5302]
- General Partner Information
- The General Partner is the partner charged with the main management role in the partnership.
- General Power of Appointment Information
- A general power of appointment is a power granted by the giver or donor of an estate or real property, to the donee, that allows the donee to dispose of the property (or income from the property) at issue, to anyone at all (in general), including to the…
- General Power of Attorney information
- A document by which a person designates another with power to manage his or her assets and financial affairs while her or she is alive.
- general relativity
- the theory of relativity governing accelerated motion that describes gravity as a curvature of space-time
- generalized transduction
- The ability of certain phages to transduce any gene in the bacterial chromosome. Form of transduction in which any region of the host genome can be transduced. See specialized transduction.
- Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) information
- A set of accounting standards, rules, conventions, guidelines, etc., that are ordinarily followed by practitioners of the accounting profession at a particular time. These standards will adjust as business and tax procedures vary. A court will rarely accept…
- GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES GAAP
- Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) accounting is used in financial statements that publicly-held companies prepare for the Securities and Exchange Commission. (See Statutory accounting principles / SAP)
- Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS) information
- A set of accounting and auditing standards, rules, conventions, guidelines, etc., that are written, approved and issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants that establish the boundaries of professional auditing of business or accounts…
- Generation
- A set of one of each charge type of quark and lepton, grouped by mass. The first generation contains the up and down quarks, the electron and the electron neutrino. There are three generations of matter.